'Steel' art exhibit captures 'colors of Pittsburgh'
Craig McPherson found warmth on a wintry night in 1982 when he first visited the Steel City.
As he emerged from the Fort Pitt Tunnel, Jones and Laughlin Steel Co.'s mill in Hazelwood greeted him by lighting up the low-hanging clouds with odd grays and a curry orange -- odd colors that caught his artistic eye.
His first visit here to the home of his future wife, May Miculis, left a lasting impression that led him to create lasting artistic impressions of the region's industry over the last 20 years.
The six-week layoff, which Gault was told was for a furnace reline, turned into a six-month period of unemployment -- a foreshadowing of what steelworkers throughout the Pittsburgh area would experience in the mid-1980s.
The mill lights that once danced along the Monongahela River and illuminated the skies of the Mon Valley as motorists traveled Route 837 from the South Side to Elizabeth are gone now, except for U.S. Steel's Edgar Thomson Works in Braddock and U.S. Steel's Clairton coke works.
Those two mills provide the inspiration for most of McPherson's works that are on exhibit at The Frick Art Museum in Point Breeze through June 8 as part of the celebration of Pittsburgh's 250th anniversary.
Gault had a chance to view McPherson's works and reflect upon Pittsburgh's steel heritage through the eyes of someone who lived it day-to-day. Gault, who grew up on the South Side, remembers seeing the flaming stacks of Jones and Laughlin's Hazelwood mill from Becks Run Road as a child.
"The flaming night sky -- that's what Pittsburgh looked like to me," says the third-generation steelworker.
Jones and Laughlin is where his maternal grandfather, the German-born Albert Bornemann Sr., was general foreman for 40 years. When Bornemann retired, his son, Ralph Bornemann, took the job for another 40 years.
Gault didn't want to follow in their footsteps, but ended up working in the mill anyhow -- at the Carrie blast furnaces.
"I never felt I was a steelworker," says Gault, whose job was in the iron-making end of the industry. "I was an ironworker."
The lighting in several of McPherson's oil, graphite and pastel paintings and drawings catches Gault's eye. The artist's preference for urban subject matter and shadowy night scenes without people reflects the realistic daily-life style of the Ashcan School of the early 20th century and the cinematography of mid-20th century film noir.
Gault says the blast furnace had dismal lighting until the furnace was drilled to release the molten iron.
"Lighting was always very primitive, and it was difficult to see," he says.
But once the housing was opened, the bright orange molten iron lit up the structure and the sky. Gault says McPherson has captured "the colors of Pittsburgh" in his works.
Gault recalls that at one time, there were 52 blast furnaces in Pennsylvania. The only two that remain are at Edgar Thomson.
Beyond the art on the walls of the Frick museum, the techniques McPherson used to create them drew Gault's interest.
What makes McPherson unusual is that he invents techniques, such as using dental tools to sculpt paint onto the canvas, says Greg Langel, Frick's media and marketing manager. It took McPherson more than a year to prepare the copper surface for the mezzotint technique he used on several works, according to Laura Beattie, education programs coordinator for The Frick.
Mezzotint is a physically demanding medium in which a copper plate is "rocked" with a curved, notched blade until the surface is pitted. By flattening the raised parts -- more for white, less for grays -- McPherson created the largest mezzotint plate in existence, which was used for his Strip Mine and Coal Piles works in the exhibit.
Gault started at Carrie Furnaces as a laborer. After a stint in the Air Force, he returned to his old job in 1979. A year later, he was accepted as an apprentice electrician -- the first one the mill had taken on in 13 years.
He attended apprentice classes at the Clairton coke works.
After he was laid off, he finished his training at a technical school and worked at Jefferson Regional Medical Center.
Gault is now supervisor of mechanical/electrical maintenance at Duquesne University.
Yet 25 years later, the molten iron still runs through his veins.
Although he admits to "hating" his mill job, Gault "loves" his volunteer work as an interpretive tour guide for Rivers of Steel Heritage Area, which works to preserve the area's steel heritage. The Frick has done some collaborative programs with Rivers of Steel because of industrialist Henry Clay Frick's prominence in the steel saga.
The generations that had fathers and grandfathers who worked in the mills are aging.
Those 25 years old or younger don't remember the smoke, smells and glows from U.S. Steel's Dorothy Six blast furnace at the Duquesne Works, National Tube Works in McKeesport or the Eliza Furnace at Jones and Laughlin's Hazelwood mill.
"It does capture something," he says of the exhibit. "But if you weren't there...
"The content is important. It's beautiful in its own way."
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